Eleftherios Venizelos, British Public Opinion and the Climax of Anglo-Hellenism (1915–1920)

The paper analyses the construction of a more than favourable image of EleftheriosVenizelos in Britain in 1915–1920. Although Venizelos was highly praised and popular in Britain since at least 1913, his effort to bring Greece to the side of the Entente in 1915 made him exceptionally popular in Paris and particularly in London. Traditions of British philhellenism have been analysed, particularly the influence of two associations: the Hellenic Society founded in 1879 and, especially, the Anglo-Hellenic League established in 1913. The latter helped boost Venizelos’s image in Britain, but it also paved the way for Anglo-Hellenism, the belief of some influential Britons that the fate of modern Greece is inseparably linked with Britain. The Times leaders/editorials and key articles on Venizelos in 1915–1920 have been analysed to demonstrate the level of support and admiration that Venizelos gradually attained. The role of Ronald Burrows and the group of experts around The New Europe is particularly analysed in terms of how the image of Venizelos and Venzelist Greece was constructed. The degree of admiration for Venizelos in Britain has been dealt with through a number of periodicals and newspapers published in Britain during the Great War and through Venizelos’s biographies published in Britain with an aim to show how he became a widely respected super-celebrity. The views of leading British statesmen and opinion makers also indicate a quite high degree of identification with both Venizelos and Greek war aims in Britain in 1915–1920. The climax and the collapse of Anglo-Hellenism in 1919–20 are analysed at the end of the paper. When Venizelos lost the elections of November 1920, Anglo-Hellenism disappeared as a relevant factor in British politics, journalism and diplomacy

The Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia between France and Britain (1919–1940)

The paper deals with the orientation of the Yugoslav freemasonry during the existence of the Grand Lodge of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes “Jugoslavia” (GLJ), later the Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia (GLY). The state of freemasonry in Serbia on the eve of the Great War is briefly described and followed by an analysis of how the experience of the First World War influenced Serbian freemasons to establish strong ties with French freemasonry. During the 1920s the Grand Lodge “Jugoslavia” maintained very close relations with the Grand Orient of France and the Grand Lodge of France, and this was particularly obvious when GLJ got the opportunity to organise the Masonic congress for peace in Belgrade in 1926 through its links with French Freemasonry. Grand Master Georges Weifert (1919–34) also symbolised close links of French and Serbian freemasonry. However, his deputy and later Grand Master Douchan Militchevitch (1934–39) initiated in 1936 the policy of reorientation of Yugoslav freemasonry to the United Grand Lodge of England. Although there had already been such initiatives, they could not be materialised due to the fact that it was not until 1930 that the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) recognised several continental grand lodges, including GLJ. In a special section efforts of GLJ to be recognised by UGLE are analysed. Efforts for reorientation of GLY were conducted through several persons, including Douchan Militchevitch (1869–1939), Stanoje Mihajlović (1882–1946), Vladimir Ćorović (1885–1941) and Dragan Militchevitch (1895–1942). Special attention is given to the plans of GLY’s grand master to make the Duke of York (subsequently King George VI), who was a very dedicated freemason, an honorary past master of GLY. This plan failed, and the main idea behind it was to make GLY more resistant to internal clerical attacks and also to the external pressure of Italy. Mihajlović’s three official Masonic visits to Britain (1933–39) are analysed as well as a private visit of Ćorović and Dragan Militchevitch in March 1940. In the context of the visits made in 1939–40 plans to establish an Anglo-Yugoslav lodge are also analysed. Finally, the context of the de facto ban on Yugoslav freemasonry in August 1940 is given and the subsequent fates of its pro-British actors are also described

Sinusoidal velaroidal shell – numerical modelling of the nonlinear buckling resistance

Many works are devoted to linear and nonlinear analyses of shells of classical form. But for thin shells of complex geometry, many things remained to do. Four different sources of nonlinearity exist in solid mechanics. The geometric nonlinearity, the material nonlinearity, the kinetic nonlinearity and the force nonlinearity. The nonlinearity, applied to a sinusoidal velaroidal shell with the inner radius r0, the outer variables radii from 10m to 20m and the number of waves n=8, will give rise to the investigation of its nonlinear buckling resistance. The building material is a high-performant concrete. The investigation emphasizes more on the material and the geometric nonlinearities. The result of the investigation is the buckling force of the shell under self-weight and uniformly vertically distributed load on its area, the corresponding numerical values of displacements and the buckling mode.Keywords: Nonlinear analysis, nonlinear buckling resistance, numerical modelling, sinusoidal velaroidal shell, geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, kinematic nonlinearity, force nonlinearity

The Legacy of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, the Unifier: on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of assassination

October 9, 2009 marked seventy-five years since the assassination of King Alexander I Karadjordjević/Karageorgevich (1888–1934; King 1921–34) in Marseille. In 1936 France commemorated the assassinated King in a grand way: an equestrian monument to King Peter I of Serbia and King Alexander I of Yugoslavia bearing the inscription “Alexandre Ier de Yougoslavie. L’Unificateur” was set up in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. After an interval of sixty-five years, Serbia and France organized official commemorations again. Indeed, the King has been remembered by the Serbs and some other Yugoslavs as a knightly king and unifier

A correlated-polaron electronic propagator: open electronic dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation

In this work we develop a theory of correlated many-electron dynamics dressed by the presence of a finite-temperature harmonic bath. The theory is based on the ab-initio Hamiltonian, and thus well-defined apart from any phenomenological choice of collective basis states or electronic coupling model. The equation-of-motion includes some bath effects non-perturbatively, and can be used to simulate line- shapes beyond the Markovian approximation and open electronic dynamics which are subjects of renewed recent interest. Energy conversion and transport depend critically on the ratio of electron-electron coupling to bath-electron coupling, which is a fitted parameter if a phenomenological basis of many-electron states is used to develop an electronic equation of motion. Since the present work doesn't appeal to any such basis, it avoids this ambiguity. The new theory produces a level of detail beyond the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer states, but with cost scaling like the Born-Oppenheimer approach. While developing this model we have also applied the time-convolutionless perturbation theory to correlated molecular excitations for the first time. Resonant response properties are given by the formalism without phenomenological parameters. Example propagations with a developmental code are given demonstrating the treatment of electron-correlation in absorption spectra, vibronic structure, and decay in an open system.Comment: 25 pages 7 figure

Nonequilibrium 1/f Noise in Low-doped Manganite Single Crystals

1/f noise in current biased La0.82Ca0.18MnO3 crystals has been investigated. The temperature dependence of the noise follows the resistivity changes with temperature suggesting that resistivity fluctuations constitute a fixed fraction of the total resistivity, independently of the dissipation mechanism and magnetic state of the system. The noise scales as a square of the current as expected for equilibrium resistivity fluctuations. However, at 77 K at bias exceeding some threshold, the noise intensity starts to decrease with increasing bias. The appearance of nonequilibrium noise is interpreted in terms of bias dependent multi-step indirect tunneling.Comment: 4pages, 3figures,APL accepte

Bias Dependent 1/f Conductivity Fluctuations in Low-Doped La1−x_{1-x}Cax_{x}MnO3_3 Manganite Single Crystals

Low frequency noise in current biased La$_{0.82}$Ca$_{0.18}$MnO$_{3}$ single crystals has been investigated in a wide temperature range from 79 K to 290 K. Despite pronounced changes in magnetic properties and dissipation mechanisms of the sample with changing temperature, the noise spectra were found to be always of the 1/f type and their intensity (except the lowest temperature studied) scaled as a square of the bias. At liquid nitrogen temperatures and under bias exceeding some threshold value, the behavior of the noise deviates from the quasi-equilibrium modulation noise and starts to depend in a non monotonic way on bias. It has been verified that the observed noise obeys Dutta and Horn model of 1/f noise in solids. The appearance of nonequilibrium 1/f noise and its dependence on bias have been associated with changes in the distribution of activation energies in the underlying energy landscape. These changes have been correlated with bias induced changes in the intrinsic tunneling mechanism dominating dissipation in La$_{0.82}$Ca$_{0.18}$MnO$_{3}$ at low temperatures.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Applied Physic